DKSESS 100KW YOCHOKERA GRID/HYBRID YONSE MU SYSTEM IMODZI YA MPHAMVU YA DZUWA

Kuyerekeza kwa mabatire mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu
Kusungirako mphamvu kwamtundu wa batri ndikosungirako mphamvu zamakhemikolo.Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu lead asidi batire, lithiamu batire, faifi tambala hydrogen batire, madzi otaya batire (vanadium batire), sodium sulfure batire, lead mpweya batire, etc. malinga ndi mtundu wa batire anasankha.

1. Batire ya asidi ya lead
Mabatire a lead acid amaphatikizanso colloid ndi madzi (omwe amatchedwa batri wamba wa asidi wotsogolera).Mitundu iwiri ya mabatireyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana.Batire ya colloid imakhala ndi kuzizira kozizira kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa ya batri yamadzimadzi pamene kutentha kuli pansi pa 15 ° C, ndipo ntchito yake yotsekemera ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Batire ya Colloid lead-acid ndikusintha kwa batire ya lead-acid yokhala ndi electrolyte yamadzimadzi.Electrolyte ya colloid imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa electrolyte ya sulfuric acid, yomwe ili yabwino kuposa batire wamba pankhani ya chitetezo, mphamvu yosungira, ntchito yotulutsa ndi moyo wantchito.Batire ya Colloidal lead-acid imatenga gel electrolyte, ndipo mulibe madzi aulere mkati mwake.Pansi pa voliyumu yomweyi, ma electrolyte ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu, kutentha kwakukulu, ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zowonongeka, zomwe zingapewe kuthawa kwamphamvu kwa mabatire ambiri;Kuwonongeka kwa mbale ya electrode kumakhala kofooka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa electrolyte;Kuphatikizikako ndi yunifolomu ndipo palibe electrolyte stratification.

Wamba lead-acid batire ndi mtundu wa batire amene elekitirodi makamaka opangidwa ndi kutsogolera ndi okusayidi ake, ndi electrolyte ndi sulfuric asidi njira.Pakutha kwa batri ya acid-acid, gawo lalikulu la electrode yabwino ndi lead dioxide, ndipo gawo lalikulu la electrode negative ndi lead;Pamalipiritsa, zigawo zikuluzikulu za ma elekitirodi abwino ndi zoipa ndi lead sulfate.Mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri imodzi ya lead-acid ndi 2.0V, yomwe imatha kutulutsidwa ku 1.5V ndikuyipitsidwa ku 2.4V;Pogwiritsira ntchito, mabatire asanu ndi limodzi amtundu wa asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana kupanga 12V mwadzina la lead-acid batire, komanso 24V, 36V, 48V, ndi zina zotero.

Ubwino wake makamaka umaphatikizapo: kusindikiza kotetezeka, dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya, kukonza kosavuta, moyo wautali wautumiki, khalidwe lokhazikika, kudalirika kwakukulu, ndi kusamalidwa kwaulere;Choyipa chake ndi chakuti kuwonongeka kwa kutsogolera kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yochepa (ndiko kuti, yolemera kwambiri).

2. Batri ya lithiamu
"Lithium batire" ndi mtundu wa batire ndi lithiamu zitsulo kapena lithiamu aloyi monga cathode chuma ndi sanali amadzimadzi electrolyte njira.Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri: lithiamu zitsulo batire ndi lithiamu ion batire.

Lithium zitsulo batire zambiri amagwiritsa manganese woipa ngati zinthu cathode, zitsulo lithiamu kapena aloyi zitsulo monga cathode zakuthupi, ndipo amagwiritsa sanali amadzimadzi electrolyte njira.Mabatire a lithiamu ion nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma lithiamu alloy metal oxides ngati zida za cathode, graphite ngati zida za cathode, komanso ma electrolyte omwe si amadzi.Mabatire a lithiamu ion alibe zitsulo za lithiamu ndipo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa.Batire ya lithiamu yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito posungira mphamvu ndi batri ya lithiamu ion, yotchedwa "lithium battery".

Mabatire a lithiamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu makamaka akuphatikizapo: lithiamu iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium battery ndi lithium manganate battery.Batire imodzi imakhala ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri, kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito, mphamvu zapadera komanso kuchita bwino, komanso kutsika kwamadzimadzi.Chitetezo ndi moyo zitha kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabwalo otetezedwa ndi ofanana.Choncho, poganizira ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mabatire osiyanasiyana, mabatire a lithiamu akhala chisankho choyamba kwa malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi chifukwa cha unyolo wawo wokhwima wa mafakitale, chitetezo, kudalirika komanso kusungirako chilengedwe.

Ubwino wake waukulu ndi: moyo wautali wautumiki, kachulukidwe kamphamvu kakusungirako mphamvu, kulemera kopepuka komanso kusinthasintha kolimba;Zoyipa zake ndizosatetezeka bwino, kuphulika kosavuta, kukwera mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kochepa.

Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate batire imatanthawuza batire ya lithiamu ion yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu iron phosphate ngati zinthu za cathode.Zida za cathode za mabatire a lithiamu ion makamaka zimaphatikizapo lithiamu cobalate, lithiamu manganate, lithiamu nickel oxide, ternary materials, lithiamu iron phosphate, etc. Lithium cobalate ndi zinthu za cathode zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabatire ambiri a lithiamu ion.

Lithium iron phosphate ngati zida za batri ya lithiamu zidangowoneka m'zaka zaposachedwa.Munali mu 2005 kuti batire yaikulu ya lithiamu iron phosphate idapangidwa ku China.Kuchita kwake kwachitetezo ndi moyo wozungulira sikungafanane ndi zida zina.Kuzungulira kwa 1C kulipiritsa ndikutulutsa kumafika nthawi 2000.Mphamvu yowonjezereka ya batri imodzi ndi 30V, yomwe sidzawotcha ndipo kuphulika sikudzaphulika.Mabatire a lithiamu ion okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi zida za lithiamu iron phosphate cathode ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mndandanda kuti akwaniritse zosowa za kulipiritsa pafupipafupi komanso kutulutsa magalimoto amagetsi.

Lithium iron phosphate ndi yopanda poizoni, yopanda kuipitsa, yotetezeka, yochokera kuzinthu zambiri, yotsika mtengo, yokhala ndi moyo wautali ndi zabwino zina.Ndibwino cathode zakuthupi m'badwo watsopano mabatire lithiamu ion.Lithium iron phosphate batire ilinso ndi zovuta zake.Mwachitsanzo, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka lithiamu iron phosphate cathode cathode ndi yaying'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa batire ya lithiamu iron phosphate yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi yayikulu kuposa mabatire a lithiamu ion monga lithiamu cobalate, kotero ilibe zabwino mu mabatire ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa cha chibadwa cha lithiamu iron phosphate, ntchito yake yotsika kutentha imakhala yotsika poyerekeza ndi zida zina za cathode monga lithiamu manganenate.Nthawi zambiri, pa selo imodzi (zindikirani kuti ndi selo imodzi m'malo mwa paketi ya batri), kuyeza kwa kutentha kochepa kwa paketi ya batri kungakhale kokwera pang'ono,

Izi zimagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha), mphamvu yake yosungiramo mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 60 ~ 70% pa 0 ℃, 40 ~ 55% pa - 10 ℃, ndi 20 ~ 40% pa -20 ℃.Kutsika kwa kutentha koteroko mwachiwonekere sikungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi.Pakali pano, opanga ena asintha ntchito yotsika kutentha ya lithiamu chitsulo phosphate mwa kuwongolera dongosolo la electrolyte, kuwongolera njira yabwino ya elekitirodi, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwongolera mapangidwe a cell.

Ternary lithiamu batire
Ternary polymer lithiamu batire imatanthawuza batire ya lithiamu yomwe cathode yake ndi lithiamu nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary cathode material.The ternary composite cathode material amapangidwa ndi nickel mchere, cobalt mchere ndi manganese mchere monga zopangira.Gawo la faifi tambala, cobalt ndi manganese mu batire ya ternary polima lifiyamu zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.Batire yokhala ndi zinthu za ternary monga cathode imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira poyerekeza ndi batri ya lithiamu cobalt, koma voteji yake ndiyotsika kwambiri.

Ubwino wake waukulu ndi: ntchito yabwino yozungulira;Choyipa chake ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kochepa.Komabe, chifukwa chakumangika kwa mfundo zapakhomo pa mabatire a ternary lithiamu, kukula kwa mabatire a ternary lithiamu kumachepa.

Lithium manganate batire
Lithium manganate batire ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodalirika kwambiri za lithiamu ion cathode.Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo chikhalidwe cathode monga lithiamu cobalate, lithiamu manganenate ali ubwino chuma chuma, mtengo wotsika, palibe kuipitsidwa, chitetezo chabwino, ntchito kuchulutsa wabwino, etc. Ndi abwino cathode chuma mabatire mphamvu.Komabe, kusayenda bwino kwake komanso kukhazikika kwa electrochemical kumachepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa mafakitale.Lithium manganate makamaka imaphatikizapo spinel lithium manganate ndi layered lithium manganate.Spinel lithiamu manganenate ili ndi dongosolo lokhazikika ndipo ndiyosavuta kuzindikira kupanga mafakitale.Zogulitsa zamasiku ano zamsika ndizomwe zimapangidwira.Spinel lithiamu manganenate ndi ya cubic crystal system, Fd3m space group, ndipo mphamvu yongoyerekeza ndi 148mAh/g.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe atatu a ngalandeyo, ma lithiamu ma ion amatha kusinthidwa kuchokera ku spinel lattice popanda kuwononga kapangidwe kake, motero amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso okhazikika.

3. Batire ya NiMH
Batire ya NiMH ndi mtundu wa batri womwe umagwira bwino ntchito.Chinthu chabwino chogwira ntchito cha nickel hydrogen batire ndi Ni (OH) 2 (chotchedwa NiO electrode), chinthu chosagwira ntchito ndi metal hydride, yomwe imatchedwanso hydrogen storage alloy (yotchedwa hydrogen storage electrode), ndipo electrolyte ndi 6mol / L potaziyamu hydroxide solution.

Batire ya nickel metal hydride imagawidwa mu batire ya nickel metal hydride yapamwamba kwambiri komanso batire yotsika kwambiri ya nickel metal hydride.

Batire yotsika ya nickel metal hydride ili ndi izi: (1) Mphamvu ya batri ndi 1.2 ~ 1.3 V, yomwe ili yofanana ndi batri ya nickel cadmium;(2) Kuchulukana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kupitilira nthawi 1.5 kuposa batire ya nickel cadmium;(3) Kuthamangitsa mwachangu ndi kutulutsa, ntchito yabwino yotsika kutentha;(4) Zosindikizidwa, zochulukira kwambiri komanso kukana kutulutsa;(5) Palibe m'badwo wa kristalo wa dendritic, womwe ungalepheretse dera lalifupi mu batri;(6) Otetezeka komanso odalirika, osaipitsa chilengedwe, osakumbukira, ndi zina zotero.

High voltage nickel hydrogen batire ili ndi izi: (1) Kudalirika kwambiri.Ili ndi bwino kutulutsa komanso kutetezedwa kopitilira muyeso, imatha kupirira kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ilibe mapangidwe a dendrite.Ili ndi katundu wodziwika bwino.Kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu ndi 60A · h/kg, yomwe ndi nthawi 5 kuposa batire ya nickel cadmium.(2) Moyo wautali wozungulira, mpaka kambirimbiri.(3) Kusindikizidwa kwathunthu, kusamalidwa pang'ono.(4) The otsika kutentha ntchito yabwino, ndipo mphamvu sasintha kwambiri pa - 10 ℃.

Ubwino waukulu wa batire ya NiMH ndi: kuchulukitsidwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kuthamangitsa mwachangu komanso kuthamanga, kulemera kopepuka, moyo wautali wautumiki, osawononga chilengedwe;Zoyipa zake ndizomwe zimakumbukira pang'ono, zovuta zambiri zowongolera, komanso zosavuta kupanga kusungunuka kwa batire limodzi lolekanitsa.

4. Selo yoyenda
Liquid flow battery ndi mtundu watsopano wa batire.Liquid flow batri ndi batire yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte abwino komanso olakwika kuti alekanitse ndikuzungulira padera.Ili ndi mawonekedwe okwera kwambiri, gawo lalikulu logwiritsira ntchito (malo) komanso moyo wautali wozungulira.Ndi mphamvu yatsopano pakali pano.

Madzi otaya otaya batire zambiri ntchito mu dongosolo la malo osungira mphamvu mphamvu, umene uli okwana unit, electrolyte njira ndi electrolyte njira yosungirako ndi kupereka unit, ulamuliro ndi kasamalidwe unit, etc. pachimake wapangidwa okwana ndi (okwana wapangidwa ambiri maselo kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuchepetsa anachita) ndi selo limodzi kwa kulipiritsa ndi zosafunika mu mndandanda wa zinthu zofanana ndi kutulutsa mafuta, malingana ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi kutulutsa mafuta.

Vanadium flow batire ndi mtundu watsopano wosungira mphamvu ndi zida zosungira mphamvu.Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chipangizo chosungira mphamvu zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa ndi mphepo, komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakumeta pachimake cha gridi yamagetsi kuti zithandizire kukhazikika kwa gridi yamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha gridi yamagetsi.Ubwino wake waukulu ndi: mawonekedwe osinthika, moyo wautali wozungulira, nthawi yoyankha mwachangu, komanso osatulutsa zovulaza;Choyipa chake ndikuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumasiyana kwambiri.

5. Sodium sulfure batire
Batire ya sodium sulfure imapangidwa ndi pole, negative pole, electrolyte, diaphragm ndi chipolopolo.Mosiyana ndi mabatire achiwiri wamba (mabatire a lead-acid, nickel cadmium, etc.), batire ya sodium sulfure imakhala ndi ma elekitirodi osungunuka ndi electrolyte yolimba.The yogwira mzati zoipa ndi chitsulo chosungunula sodium, ndi yogwira thunthu zabwino mtengo ndi madzi sulfure ndi wosungunuka sodium polysulfide.Batire yachiwiri yokhala ndi sodium yachitsulo ngati electrode yolakwika, sulfure ngati electrode yabwino ndi chubu cha ceramic ngati cholekanitsa ma electrolyte.Pansi pa digiri inayake yogwira ntchito, ma ayoni a sodium amatha kusinthika ndi sulfure kudzera mu nembanemba ya electrolyte kupanga kutulutsa mphamvu ndikusunga.

Monga mtundu watsopano wamagetsi amagetsi, batire yamtunduwu yapangidwa kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa.Batire ya sodium sulfure ndi yaying'ono kukula, yayikulu mu mphamvu, yayitali m'moyo komanso yogwira ntchito kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira mphamvu zamagetsi monga kumeta nsonga ndi kudzaza zigwa, magetsi adzidzidzi ndi kupanga magetsi amphepo.

Ubwino wake waukulu ndi motere: 1) Lili ndi mphamvu zapadera (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito pa unit mass kapena unit volume ya batri).Mphamvu yake yongoyerekeza ndi 760Wh/Kg, yomwe kwenikweni yadutsa 150Wh/Kg, 3-4 nthawi ya batire ya lead-acid.2) Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imatha kutulutsa ndi mphamvu zazikulu zamakono komanso zamphamvu.Kachulukidwe kake kakutulutsa nthawi zambiri kumatha kufika 200-300mA/cm2, ndipo imatha kutulutsa mphamvu zake 3 nthawi yomweyo;3) Kulipiritsa kwakukulu komanso kutulutsa bwino.

Batire ya sodium sulfure imakhalanso ndi zofooka.Kutentha kwake kogwira ntchito ndi 300-350 ℃, chifukwa chake batire liyenera kutenthedwa ndikutenthedwa pakugwira ntchito.Komabe, vutoli litha kuthetsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba la vacuum vacuum thermal insulation.

6. Batire ya carbon yotsogolera
Batire ya lead carbon ndi mtundu wa batire ya capacitive lead acid, yomwe ndi ukadaulo wopangidwa kuchokera ku batire yachikhalidwe ya lead acid.Itha kusintha kwambiri moyo wa batri ya asidi ya lead powonjezera mpweya wokhazikika pamtengo woyipa wa batire.

Batire ya kaboni yotsogola ndi mtundu watsopano wa batri yapamwamba, yomwe imaphatikiza batire ya asidi ndi super capacitor: sikuti imangopereka kusewera kwaubwino wa kuyitanitsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ya super capacitor, komanso imapereka kusewera kwamphamvu yamphamvu ya batri yotsogolera ya asidi, ndipo imakhala yabwino kwambiri yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa - imatha kulipiritsidwa kwathunthu mu mphindi 90 za batri kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi nthawi yochepera 30 (ngati batire ili ndi nthawi yochepera 30).Komanso, chifukwa cha kuwonjezera carbon (graphene), chodabwitsa cha sulfation wa elekitirodi zoipa amapewedwa, amene bwino chifukwa cha kulephera batire m'mbuyomu ndi kumawonjezera moyo batire.

Batire ya kaboni yotsogola ndi osakaniza asymmetric supercapacitor ndi lead acid batire mu mawonekedwe olumikizirana mkati.Monga mtundu watsopano wa batri yapamwamba, batire yotsogolera ya kaboni ndi kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje a batri ya lead acid ndi supercapacitor.Ndi batire yosungira mphamvu yapawiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a capacitive komanso mawonekedwe a batri.Chifukwa chake, sizimangopereka kusewera kwathunthu ku zabwino za super capacitor kuyitanitsa mphamvu nthawi yomweyo ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, komanso kumapereka kusewera kwathunthu ku mphamvu zamabatire a lead-acid, omwe amatha kulipiritsidwa mu ola limodzi.Ili ndi kuyendetsa bwino komanso kutulutsa.Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito luso la carbon carbon, ntchito ya batire ya carbon carbon ndi yopambana kwambiri kuposa ya batri yamtundu wa asidi, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, monga magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa, njinga zamagetsi ndi madera ena;Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito posungira mphamvu zatsopano, monga kupanga mphamvu yamphepo ndi kusungirako mphamvu.